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Jaakko Mattila (Luomus)
"},"groups":[{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.descriptionText","title":"Yleiskuvaus","content":"Kuolemankello on Suomessa luonnonvarainen kovakuoriaislaji, joka elää lahoilla havu- ja lehtipuilla. Laji voi esiintyä myös lahoissa puurakennuksissa.
"},{"variable":"MX.identificationText","title":"Tunnistaminen","content":"Aikuinen kuolemankello on kooltaan 4,5-6,6 mm tummanruskea sylinterimäinen kovakuoriainen, jonka huppumaisen etuselän takanurkissa on kellertävät karvalaikut ja peitinsiivissä on syvien pisteiden muodostamat pitkittäisviirut. Toukka on n. 6-7 mm mittainen, väriltään valkoinen ja muodoltaan makkaramainen, eli toukan takaruumis taipuu eturuumista kohden. Aikuisten kuoriaisten puuhun jättämät pyöreät kuoriutumisaukot ovat läpimitaltaan 1,3-3 mm, yleensä n. 2 mm. Toukkien tuottama ulostepuru on vaaleaa ja jauhomaisen hienojakeista.
"}],"title":"Yleistä","group":"MX.SDVG1"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.distributionFinland","title":"Levinneisyys Suomessa","content":"Kuolemankello kuuluu Suomen luontaiseen lajistoon. Laji on levinnyt lähes koko maahan, mutta sitä ei tavata pohjoisimmassa Lapissa.
"}],"title":"Levinneisyys","group":"MX.SDVG2"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.lifeCycle","title":"Elinkierto","content":"Kuolemankellon toukkakehitys munasta koteloitumisvalmiiksi toukaksi kestää yleensä 2 vuotta, mutta se voi kestää pidempäänkin. Täysikasvuiset toukat koteloituvat yleensä loppukesällä ja kotelovaihe kestää 14-20 vuorokautta. Koteloituneet yksilöt voivat talvehtia puuaineksessa joko kotelovaiheessa tai aikuistuneina kovakuoriaisina. Koko elinkierron kesto on keskimäärin 3 vuotta. Luonnossa aikuiset kuoriutuvat puusta toukokuun lopun ja heinäkuun alun välisenä aikana. Lahoissa seinähirsissä elävät yksilöt voivat kuoriutua sisätiloihin jo kevättalven aikana. Parittelu tapahtuu luonnossa alkukesällä, mutta lämmitetyissä rakennuksissa lisääntyminen voi tapahtua jo aiemmin. Koiraat houkuttelevat naaraita tikittävällä äänellä, joka syntyy, kun ne koputtavat päätään lahopuussa olevien käytävien seinämiin nopeassa tahdissa n. 7-8 kertaa. Koputusta seuraa lyhyt tauko, jonka jälkeen koputus toistuu. Kuolemankello on saanut kotimaisen nimensä tämän käyttäytymipiirteen perusteella.
\r\nNaaras munii n. 6-10 munaa kerrallaan vanhoihin käytäviin tai lahopuun pinnalla oleviin koloihin ja halkeamiin. Pintapuuhun munitut toukat kaivavat ensin käytäviään pintapuun myötäisesti, mutta siirtyvät myöhemmin syvemmälle puuainekseen. Soikea kotelokammio on kooltaan n. 3,5 x 9 mm ja sijaitsee usein lähellä puun pintaa, kohtisuorassa siihen nähden. Kuolemankello voi elää samassa puussa useiden sukupolvien ajan ja toukat voivat kaivaa puun täyteen käytäviään, jolloin sen rakenne lopulta romahtaa.
"}],"title":"Elinkaari ja elintavat","group":"MX.SDVG4"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.habitat","title":"Elinympäristö","content":"Kuolemankello elää puustoisissa elinympäristöissä lahossa puuaineksessa, suosien havupuita. Se voi elää myös lahoissa puurakennuksissa.
"},{"variable":"MX.ecology","title":"Ekologinen ja taloudellinen merkitys","content":"Kuolemankello saattaa aiheuttaa kosteusvaurioisissa rakennuksissa tuhoja kaivamalla käytäviä lahoon puuhun. Lajin esiintyminen rakennuksissa on kuitenkin seurausta puuta lahottavien sienien lahotustoiminnasta ja kuolemankello ei ole ensisijainen puun tuhoaja. Se ei tule toimeen kuivissa sienirihmattomissa puurakenteissa.
"}],"title":"Ekologia","group":"MX.SDVG5"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.descriptionReferences","title":"Viitteet","content":"Nummi, O. (toimittanut) 2005: Rohmut ja Riesat (tuhohyönteisten tunnistusopas). Suomen Museoliiton Julkaisuja 55.
\r\nÅkerlund, M. 1991: Ängrar - finns dom...? Om skadeinsekter i museer och magasin. Svenska museiföreningen.
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