{"occurrences":[{"area":"ML.251","occurrenceCount":2,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.252","occurrenceCount":12,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.253","occurrenceCount":70,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.254","occurrenceCount":3,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.255","occurrenceCount":4,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.256","occurrenceCount":17,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.257","occurrenceCount":3,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.258","occurrenceCount":1,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.259","occurrenceCount":4,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.260","occurrenceCount":6,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.261","occurrenceCount":8,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.262","occurrenceCount":1,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.263","occurrenceCount":3,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.264","occurrenceCount":2,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.265","occurrenceCount":8,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.266","occurrenceCount":2,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.268","occurrenceCount":1,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.269","occurrenceCount":1,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.270","occurrenceCount":2,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"}],"parent":{"phylum":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"Arthropods","scientificName":"Arthropoda","scientificNameAuthorship":"von Siebold, 1848","taxonRank":"MX.phylum","id":"MX.37605","hasBold":false},"genus":{"cursiveName":true,"scientificName":"Ctenolepisma","scientificNameAuthorship":"Escherich, 1905","taxonRank":"MX.genus","id":"MX.231380","hasBold":false},"species":{"cursiveName":true,"vernacularName":"Long-tailed silverfish","scientificName":"Ctenolepisma longicaudatum","scientificNameAuthorship":"Escherich, 1905","taxonRank":"MX.species","id":"MX.231622","bold":{"binCount":4,"bins":["BOLD:ACL9019","BOLD:AEE2038","BOLD:AEJ1688","BOLD:AEJ1689"],"publicRecords":7,"specimens":34,"barcodes":4},"hasBold":true},"subfamily":{"cursiveName":false,"scientificName":"Ctenolepismatinae","scientificNameAuthorship":"Mendes, 1991","taxonRank":"MX.subfamily","id":"MX.231376","hasBold":false},"domain":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"aitotumaiset","scientificName":"Eucarya","scientificNameAuthorship":"Whittaker & Margulis, 1978","taxonRank":"MX.domain","id":"MX.53761","hasBold":false},"subphylum":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"Hexapods","notes":"The order of orders of Entognatha and Insecta is based on Misof et al. 2014: Phylogenomics resolves the timing and pattern of insect evolution - Science 346:763-767.","scientificName":"Hexapoda","taxonRank":"MX.subphylum","id":"MX.37607","hasBold":false},"family":{"cursiveName":false,"scientificName":"Lepismatidae","taxonRank":"MX.family","id":"MX.53580","hasBold":false},"kingdom":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"Animals","scientificName":"Animalia","scientificNameAuthorship":"Linnaeus, 1758","taxonRank":"MX.kingdom","id":"MX.37602","hasBold":false},"class":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"Insects","scientificName":"Insecta","taxonRank":"MX.class","id":"MX.37613","hasBold":false},"order":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"Bristletails","scientificName":"Zygentoma","taxonRank":"MX.order","id":"MX.53697","hasBold":false}},"hasLatestRedListEvaluation":false,"scientificName":"Ctenolepisma longicaudatum","hasChildren":false,"descriptions":[{"speciesCardAuthors":{"variable":"MX.speciesCardAuthors","title":"Description text authors","content":"
FM Jani Järvi / Luomus
"},"groups":[{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.descriptionText","title":"Description","content":"Paperitoukka on sisätiloissa tavattava siivetön hyönteinen, joka sekoitetaan usein sokeritoukkaan (Lepisma saccharinum). Paperitoukka on harmaiden suomujen peittämä, sillä on kolme pitkää perälisäkettä ja pitkät tuntosarvet. Reunimmaiset perälisäkkeet osoittavat yleensä noin 90 asteen kulmassa sivuille. Keskimmäinen perälisäke ja tuntosarvet ovat yhtä pitkät tai pidemmät kuin paperitoukan ruumis. Takaruumiin kärjessä on lisäksi kaksi paria stylus-lisäkkeitä perälisäkkeiden lisäksi (vrt. kalvastoukka, jolla stylus-lisäkkeitä on yksi pari). Paperitoukan ruumiin karvat ovat enimmäkseen ryppäinä. Selkäkilvissä 2.–6. on 3 + 3 kpl sukaskampoja.
\r\nRuumiin pituus on 15–19 mm.
"},{"variable":"MX.identificationText","title":"Identification","content":"Paperitoukan erottaa toisesta yleisesti sisätiloissa tavattavasta kolmisukahäntäisestä, sokeritoukasta (Lepisma saccharinum), esimerkiksi pidempien tuntosarvien ja perälisäkkeiden, sekä naaman karvaisuuden avulla. Paras erotustuntomerkki on paperi- ja sokeritoukan ruumiin viimeinen jaoke: paperitoukalla se on leveä ja pyöreähkö, sokeritoukalla se on kapea, pitkänmallinen ja kolmiomainen. Harvinaiseen paanutoukkaan (Ctenolepisma lineatum) nähden paperitoukan ruumiin viimeinen jaoke on puolisuunnikkaan muotoinen, kun paanutoukalla se on kolmiomainen. Lisäksi paanutoukalla on yleensä pitkittäiset raidat selässä.
"},{"variable":"MX.descriptionMicroscopicIdentification","title":"Microscopic identification","content":"Paperitoukan huulirihmojen viimeisessä jaokkeessa on 9-12 aistinystyä (toukkavaiheilla 7).
"}],"title":"General description","group":"MX.SDVG1"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.distributionFinland","title":"Distribution in Finland","content":"Esiintyy sisätiloissa ihmisen seuralaisena ja levinnyt Suomeen ihmisen vaikutuksesta.
\r\nHavaittu maastamme vasta viime vuosikymmeninä. Laji on oletettavasti pitkään sekoitettu sokeritoukkaan, joten sen havainnointitarkkuus on ollut heikkoa, vaikka laji olisikin esiintynyt maassamme pitkään.
"},{"variable":"MX.originAndDistributionText","title":"Origin and general distribution","content":"Paperitoukan alkuperä ei ole tiedossa, vaikka laji on kuvattu Etelä-Afrikasta. Ihmisen mukana laji on levinnyt ympäri maapalloa.
"}],"title":"Distribution","group":"MX.SDVG2"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.lifeCycle","title":"Life cycle","content":"Ei muodonvaihdosta. Munasta kuoriutuva toukka muistuttaa aikuista, mutta tulee sukukypsäksi ja saa suomut vasta nahanluontien myötä.
\r\nPaperitoukka voi elää useita vuosia, sillä se luo nahkansa monta kertaa vielä sukukypsyyden saavuttamisen jälkeenkin, mikä on harvinaista hyönteisille.
"},{"variable":"MX.behaviour","title":"Behaviour","content":"Käyttää ravinnokseen kaikenlaista eloperäistä, kuten paperia, muuta selluloosaperäistä materiaalia, puuvilla, silkkiä, ruoantähteitä ja tärkkelyspohjaista liimaa. Voi selvitä pitkiä aikoja ilman ravintoa.
\r\nViihtyy lämpimissä oloissa, mutta saattaa selvitä vaikka lämpötila laskisi lähemmäs nollaa.
"}],"title":"Life cycle and behaviour","group":"MX.SDVG4"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.habitat","title":"Habitat","content":"Sisätiloissa. Selviävät suhteellisen kuivissa olosuhteissa.
"},{"variable":"MX.ecology","title":"Ecological and economic importance","content":"Yleisesti ottaen harmiton hyönteinen. Suurina määrinä esiintyessään voisi olla haitaksi esimerkiksi arvokkaille paperimateriaaleille, sillä kykenee käyttämään ravinnokseen sellulosaa.
"}],"title":"Ecology","group":"MX.SDVG5"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.descriptionReferences","title":"References","content":"Escherich, K. 1905: Das System der Lepismatiden. - Zoologica 43: 1–164.
\r\nKulma, M., Vrabec, V., Patoka, J., & Rettich, F. 2018: The first established population of the invasive silverfish Ctenolepisma longicaudata (Escherich) in the Czech Republic. - BioInvasions Records, 7(3), 329-333.
\r\nLindsay, E. 1940: The biology of the silverfish, Ctenolepisma longicaudata Esch. with particular reference to its feeding habits. - Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 52(1): 35–83.
\r\nLock, K. 2007: Distribution of the Belgian Zygentoma. - Notes Fauniques de Gembloux 60(1): 27–29.
\r\nRobin McLeod: Species Ctenolepisma longicaudata - Gray Silverfish - Bugguide.net. Viitattu 24.9.2020.
\r\nTheron, J. G. 1963: The domestic fish moths of South Africa (Thysanura: Lepismatidae). - South African Journal of Agricultural Science, 6(1), 125-130.
\r\nThomsen, E., Dahl, H. A., & Mikalsen, S. O. 2019: Ctenolepisma longicaudata (Escherich, 1905): a common, but previously unregistered, species of silverfish in the Faroe Islands. - BioInvasions Record, 8(3).
"}],"title":"Additional information","group":"MX.SDVG10"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.etymologyText","title":"Etymology of names","content":"Suomen Hyönteistieteellisen Seuran nimistötoimikunta määritteli lajille suomenkielisen nimen vuonna 2019.
"}],"title":"Taxonomy","group":"MX.SDVG14"}],"id":"default","title":"FinBIF species descriptions"},{"speciesCardAuthors":{"variable":"MX.speciesCardAuthors","title":"Description text authors","content":"Jani Järvi, Suomen Hyönteisseura.
"},"groups":[{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.descriptionText","title":"Description","content":"Siivetön, harmaa, suomupintainen ja toukkamainen kolmisukahäntäinen. Tuntosarvet ja perälisäkkeet ovat ruumiinmittaiset tai pidemmät, reunimmaiset perälisäkkeet osoittavat yleensä noin 90 asteen kulmassa sivuille. Naama karvainen. Ruumiin viimeinen jaoke pyöreä.
Sekoitettavissa muihin kolmisukashäntäisiin, erityisesti sokeritoukkaan, jolla ruumiin viimeinen jaoke on pitkä ja kapea, ja jonka tuntosarvet ja perälisäkkeet ovat lyhyemmät.
Koko: Ruumiin pituus noin 1,5 cm.
"}],"title":"General description","group":"MX.SDVG1"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.habitat","title":"Habitat","content":"Sisätiloissa kautta maan: kellareissa, ruokakomeroissa ja varastoissa.
"}],"title":"Ecology","group":"MX.SDVG5"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.miscText","title":"Additional information","content":"Levinnyt Suomeen 2000-luvulla. Pidetään tuholaisena, vaikka on yleisesti ottaen harmiton mutustellessaan möhnää lattioilta. Voi elää useita vuosia ja on todettu pärjäävän jopa 300 päivää ilman ruokaa.
"}],"title":"Additional information","group":"MX.SDVG10"}],"id":"LA.853","title":"Pinkka oppimisympäristö: Luomuksen 100 lajia -haaste: hyönteiset - Kolmisukahäntäiset"}],"originalPublications":["MP.12955"],"informalTaxonGroups":["MVL.232"],"qname":"MX.231622","id":"MX.231622","scientificNameDisplayName":"Ctenolepisma longicaudatum","occurrenceCountInvasiveFinland":0,"synonymNames":"Ctenolepisma longicaudata","habitatOccurrenceCounts":[{"habitat":{"fi":"indoors","sv":"indoors","en":"indoors"},"occurrenceCount":2,"id":"indoors"},{"habitat":{"fi":"sisätiloissa","sv":"sisätiloissa","en":"sisätiloissa"},"occurrenceCount":2,"id":"sisätiloissa"},{"habitat":{"fi":"toimisto/office","sv":"toimisto/office","en":"toimisto/office"},"occurrenceCount":2,"id":"toimisto/office"},{"habitat":{"fi":"Puistot, pihamaat, puutarhat","sv":"Park, gårdsplan, trädgård","en":"Park, courtyard or garden"},"occurrenceCount":1,"id":"http://tun.fi/my.habitatenumvalue71"},{"habitat":{"fi":"Uuselinympäristöt","sv":"Nytthabitat","en":"Secondary habitats"},"occurrenceCount":1,"id":"http://tun.fi/my.habitatenumvalue79"}],"sensitive":false,"bold":{"binCount":4,"bins":["BOLD:ACL9019","BOLD:AEE2038","BOLD:AEJ1688","BOLD:AEJ1689"],"publicRecords":7,"specimens":34,"barcodes":4},"autoNonWild":false,"redListEvaluationGroups":["MVL.1041","MVL.776"],"taxonExpert":["MA.43"],"parentsIncludeSelf":["MX.37600","MX.53761","MX.37602","MX.37605","MX.37607","MX.37613","MX.53697","MX.53580","MX.231376","MX.231380","MX.231622"],"observationCountInvasiveFinland":0,"taxonomicOrder":466,"hasBold":true,"parents":["MX.37600","MX.53761","MX.37602","MX.37605","MX.37607","MX.37613","MX.53697","MX.53580","MX.231376","MX.231380"],"countOfSpecies":1,"stableInFinland":false,"scientificNameAuthorship":"Escherich, 1905","taxonRank":"MX.species","hiddenTaxon":false,"cursiveName":true,"vernacularName":"Long-tailed silverfish","hasMultimedia":true,"invasiveSpecies":false,"countOfFinnishSpecies":1,"nameAccordingTo":"MR.1","taxonEditor":["MA.43"],"occurrenceCountFinland":152,"typeOfOccurrenceInFinland":["MX.typeOfOccurrenceAnthropogenic"],"nonHiddenParentsIncludeSelf":["MX.37600","MX.53761","MX.37602","MX.37605","MX.37607","MX.37613","MX.53697","MX.53580","MX.231376","MX.231380","MX.231622"],"observationCountFinland":152,"occurrenceCount":153,"finnishSpecies":true,"orthographicVariants":[{"cursiveName":true,"scientificName":"Ctenolepisma longicaudata","scientificNameAuthorship":"Escherich, 1905","taxonRank":"MX.species","id":"MX.5076958","hasBold":false}],"finnish":true,"multimedia":[{"copyrightOwner":"Jarmo Holopainen","keywords":["specimen"],"author":"Jarmo Holopainen","fullURL":"https://image.laji.fi/MM.53954/MX.52993_uunitoukka.jpg","largeURL":"https://image.laji.fi/MM.53954/MX.52993_uunitoukka.jpg","source":"default","type":"MM.typeEnumSpecimen","squareThumbnailURL":"https://image.laji.fi/MM.53954/MX.52993_uunitoukka_square.jpg","primaryForTaxon":false,"licenseAbbreviation":"CC-BY-SA-4.0","licenseFullname":"Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 4.0","sortOrder":2147482647,"taxon":{"cursiveName":true,"vernacularName":"Long-tailed silverfish","scientificName":"Ctenolepisma longicaudatum","scientificNameAuthorship":"Escherich, 1905","taxonRank":"MX.species","id":"MX.231622","bold":{"binCount":4,"bins":["BOLD:ACL9019","BOLD:AEE2038","BOLD:AEJ1688","BOLD:AEJ1689"],"publicRecords":7,"specimens":34,"barcodes":4},"hasBold":true},"taxonDescriptionCaption":{"fi":"Ctenolepisma longicaudata","en":"Ctenolepisma longicaudata"},"licenseId":"MZ.intellectualRightsCC-BY-SA-4.0","thumbnailURL":"https://image.laji.fi/MM.53954/MX.52993_uunitoukka_thumb.jpg"},{"copyrightOwner":"olasavanda","author":"@olasavanda, iNaturalist","fullURL":"https://image.laji.fi/MM.3034893/paperitoukka_olasavanda.jpeg","largeURL":"https://image.laji.fi/MM.3034893/paperitoukka_olasavanda.jpeg","source":"default","squareThumbnailURL":"https://image.laji.fi/MM.3034893/paperitoukka_olasavanda_square.jpg","primaryForTaxon":false,"licenseAbbreviation":"CC-BY-NC-4.0","licenseFullname":"Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial 4.0","sortOrder":2147483647,"taxon":{"cursiveName":true,"vernacularName":"Long-tailed silverfish","scientificName":"Ctenolepisma longicaudatum","scientificNameAuthorship":"Escherich, 1905","taxonRank":"MX.species","id":"MX.231622","bold":{"binCount":4,"bins":["BOLD:ACL9019","BOLD:AEE2038","BOLD:AEJ1688","BOLD:AEJ1689"],"publicRecords":7,"specimens":34,"barcodes":4},"hasBold":true},"licenseId":"MZ.intellectualRightsCC-BY-NC-4.0","thumbnailURL":"https://image.laji.fi/MM.3034893/paperitoukka_olasavanda_thumb.jpg"}],"species":true,"observationCount":153,"occurrenceInFinland":"MX.occurrenceInFinlandObserved","hasParent":true,"hasDescriptions":true,"intellectualRights":"MZ.intellectualRightsCC-BY-4.0"}