{"occurrences":[{"area":"ML.251","occurrenceCount":642,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.252","occurrenceCount":5038,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.253","occurrenceCount":10753,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.254","occurrenceCount":823,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.255","occurrenceCount":4940,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.256","occurrenceCount":6108,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.257","occurrenceCount":954,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.258","occurrenceCount":459,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.259","occurrenceCount":965,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.260","occurrenceCount":1329,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.261","occurrenceCount":1323,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.262","occurrenceCount":1008,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.263","occurrenceCount":1742,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.264","occurrenceCount":313,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.265","occurrenceCount":800,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.266","occurrenceCount":263,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.267","occurrenceCount":89,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.268","occurrenceCount":1,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.269","occurrenceCount":7,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.270","occurrenceCount":1,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.271","occurrenceCount":2,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"}],"parent":{"phylum":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"Chordates","scientificName":"Chordata","taxonRank":"MX.phylum","id":"MX.37606","hasBold":false},"genus":{"cursiveName":true,"vernacularName":"silkkiuikut","scientificName":"Podiceps","scientificNameAuthorship":"Latham, 1787","taxonRank":"MX.genus","id":"MX.25854","hasBold":false},"species":{"cursiveName":true,"vernacularName":"Great Crested Grebe","scientificName":"Podiceps cristatus","scientificNameAuthorship":"(Linnaeus, 1758)","taxonRank":"MX.species","id":"MX.25860","bold":{"binCount":1,"bins":["BOLD:AAB9773"],"publicRecords":21,"specimens":32,"barcodes":26},"hasBold":true},"domain":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"aitotumaiset","scientificName":"Eucarya","scientificNameAuthorship":"Whittaker & Margulis, 1978","taxonRank":"MX.domain","id":"MX.53761","hasBold":false},"subphylum":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"Vertebrates","scientificName":"Vertebrata","taxonRank":"MX.subphylum","id":"MX.37608","hasBold":false},"subclass":{"cursiveName":false,"scientificName":"Neornithes","taxonRank":"MX.subclass","id":"MX.292398","hasBold":false},"family":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"Grebes","scientificName":"Podicipedidae","taxonRank":"MX.family","id":"MX.25842","hasBold":false},"kingdom":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"Animals","scientificName":"Animalia","scientificNameAuthorship":"Linnaeus, 1758","taxonRank":"MX.kingdom","id":"MX.37602","hasBold":false},"class":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"Birds","scientificName":"Aves","taxonRank":"MX.class","id":"MX.37580","hasBold":false},"order":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"Grebes","scientificName":"Podicipediformes","taxonRank":"MX.order","id":"MX.5105408","hasBold":false}},"hasLatestRedListEvaluation":true,"scientificName":"Podiceps cristatus","latestRedListStatusFinland":{"year":2019,"status":"MX.iucnNT"},"hasChildren":false,"redListStatusesInFinland":[{"year":2019,"status":"MX.iucnNT"},{"year":2015,"status":"MX.iucnNT"},{"year":2010,"status":"MX.iucnLC"},{"year":2000,"status":"MX.iucnLC"}],"descriptions":[{"speciesCardAuthors":{"variable":"MX.speciesCardAuthors","title":"Description text authors","content":"
Aki Aintila
"},"groups":[{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.originAndDistributionText","title":"Origin and general distribution","content":"Silkkiuikku pesii suurimmassa osassa Eurooppaa aina Fennoskandiaan asti. Levinneisyys jatkuu Itä-Euroopasta ja Lähi-idästä leveänä vyöhykkeenä Mongoliaan ja Kiinan pohjoisosiin asti. Euroopassa läntiset populaatiot ovat paikkalintuja, pohjoiset ja itäiset populaatiot muuttavat, tärkeitä talvehtimisalueita löytyy mm. Mustanmeren ja Välimeren rannikkoseuduilta (BirdLife International 2021). Suomessa silkkiuikun levinneisyys yltää Oulun ja Tornion seudulle, Kuusamossa ja Etelä-Lapissa laji on jo melko harvalukuinen pesimälaji. Silkkiuikku viihtyy erilaisissa makean veden ympäristöissä sekä merialueiden saaristossa. Pesimäkannan kooksi arvioitiin 2010-luvun alussa noin 50 000 paria (Valkama ym. 2011). Suomessa rengastetuista silkkiuikuista on löytöjä niin Länsi-Euroopasta kuin Mustanmeren rannikolta (Saurola ym. 2013).
\r\n\r\nEsiintyminen Haliaksella
\r\nSilkkiuikkua tavataan Haliaksella säännöllisenä läpimuuttajana ja harvalukuisena talvehtijana. Kevätmuutto alkaa usein maaliskuun lopussa ja huhtikuun alussa, päämuutto huhtikuun puolivälistä toukokuun alkuun. Usein kesäkuukausina havaitaan pesimättömiä tai pesinnöissä epäonnistuneita lintuja, syysmuutto alkaa heinäkuun puolivälissä ja päämuutto havaitaan syyskuun alusta lokakuun puoliväliin. Haliakselta käsin voi parhaina päivänä nähdä useita kymmeniä silkkiuikkuja.
\r\n\r\nPitkäaikaismuutokset
\r\nSilkkiuikkujen havaintomäärät putosivat yli 70 % seurantajakson aikana, taantuma on ollut voimakkainta lyhyellä aikavälillä. Havaintomäärät heijastavat Suomen pesimäkannan kehitystä, silkkiuikun pesimäkanta on vähentynyt voimakkaasti pitkällä aikavälillä (Laaksonen ym. 2019).
\r\nSilkkiuikkujen pesimäkannan taantuminen johtuu mitä ilmeisimmin pesimäympäristöjen muutoksista. Monilla muilla Suomen kosteikkolajeilla on havaittu sekä pitkän että lyhyen aikavälin vähenemistä pesimäkannoissa, johtuen vesien rehevöitymisen aiheuttamasta vesistöjen umpeenkasvusta, veden laadun ja pieneläin- sekä kasvilajiston muutoksista, sekä vieraspetojen runsastumisesta (Laaksonen ym. 2019). Silkkiuikku on tuoreimmassa uhanalaisuusarviossa luokiteltu Suomessa vaarantuneeksi (Hyvärinen ym. 2019). Silkkiuikun on havaittu vähentyvän muuallakin Euroopassa ja talvehtimisalueilla voi piillä muita uhkia (BirdLife International 2021).
\r\nSilkkiuikun kevätmuutto aikaistui seurantajakson aikana keskimäärin yhdeksällä vuorokaudella. Ilmastonmuutoksen vaikutuksesta keskimääräisellä eurooppalaisella muuttolinnulla kevätmuutto on aikaistunut keskimäärin viikolla (Lehikoinen ym. 2019). Muuton ajoittumisen muutokset johtavat siihen, että lintujen alueellinen ja ajallinen esiintyminen muuttuu. Kevätmuuton ajoittumisen muutoksilla voi olla vaikutusta esimerkiksi pariutumiseen ja poikastuottoon. Lintujen kevätmuuton aikaistuminen on merkittävä muutos lintujen vuodenaikaisesiintymisessä ja osoittaa, kuinka nopeasti linnut voivat reagoida ympäristönmuutoksiin.
"}],"title":"Distribution","group":"MX.SDVG2"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.descriptionReferences","title":"References","content":"BirdLife International (2021) Species factsheet: Podiceps cristatus.
Hyvärinen, E., Juslén, A., Kemppainen, E., Uddström, A. & Liukko, U-M. 2019: Suomen lajien uhanalaisuus – Punainen kirja 2019. Ympäristöministeriö & Suomen ympäristökeskus 2019.
\r\nLaaksonen, T., Lehikoinen, A., Pöysä, H., Sirkiä, P. & Ikonen, K. 2019: Sisävesien vesilintujen kannanvaihtelut 1986–2018. – Linnut-vuosikirja 2018: 46–55.
\r\nLehikoinen, A., Lindén, A., Karlsson, M., Andersson, A. Crewe, T. L., Dunn, E. H., Gregory, G., Karlsson, L., Kristiansen, V., Mackenzie, S., Newman, S., Røer, J. E., Sharpe, C., Sokolov, L. V., Steinholtz, Å., Stervander, M., Priestley, L. T., Tirri, I.-S., Tjørnløv, R. S. 2019: Phenology of the avian spring migratory passage in Europe and North America: asymmetric advancement in time and increase in duration. — Ecological Indicators 101: 985–991.
\r\nSaurola, P., Valkama, J. & Welmala, V. 2013: Suomen rengastusatlas. Osa I. — Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo ja Ympäristöministeriö.
\r\nValkama, J., Vepsäläinen, V. & Lehikoinen, A. 2011: Suomen III Lintuatlas. – Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo ja ympäristöministeriö. http://atlas3.lintuatlas.fi ISBN 978-952-10-6918-5.
"}],"title":"Additional information","group":"MX.SDVG10"}],"id":"default","title":"FinBIF species descriptions"}],"taxonConceptIds":["taxonid:5F92FF"],"originalPublications":["MP.2441","MP.1082"],"anyHabitatSearchStrings":["MKV.habitatV","MKV.habitatVi","MKV.habitatVs","MKV.habitatVsr"],"informalTaxonGroups":["MVL.1","MVL.1241"],"qname":"MX.25860","euringCode":"PODCRI","id":"MX.25860","scientificNameDisplayName":"Podiceps cristatus","occurrenceCountInvasiveFinland":0,"habitatOccurrenceCounts":[{"habitat":{"fi":"umpeen kasvava järvenlahti","sv":"umpeen kasvava järvenlahti","en":"umpeen kasvava järvenlahti"},"occurrenceCount":47,"id":"umpeenkasvavajärvenlahti"},{"habitat":{"fi":"lake, steppe","sv":"lake, steppe","en":"lake, steppe"},"occurrenceCount":22,"id":"lake,steppe"},{"habitat":{"fi":"Vedet","sv":"Vatten","en":"Water"},"occurrenceCount":13,"id":"http://tun.fi/my.habitatenumvalue24"},{"habitat":{"sv":"Vassruggar","fi":"Ruovikko","en":"Reedbed"},"occurrenceCount":13,"id":"http://tun.fi/my.habitatenumvalue32"},{"habitat":{"sv":"Strand","fi":"Rannat","en":"Shore"},"occurrenceCount":12,"id":"http://tun.fi/my.habitatenumvalue27"},{"habitat":{"fi":"fields, rural village","sv":"fields, rural village","en":"fields, rural village"},"occurrenceCount":9,"id":"fields,ruralvillage"},{"habitat":{"fi":"puutarha meren rannalla","sv":"puutarha meren rannalla","en":"puutarha meren rannalla"},"occurrenceCount":9,"id":"puutarhamerenrannalla"},{"habitat":{"fi":"lake, fields","sv":"lake, fields","en":"lake, fields"},"occurrenceCount":7,"id":"lake,fields"},{"habitat":{"fi":"lintujärvi, lintutorni","sv":"lintujärvi, lintutorni","en":"lintujärvi, lintutorni"},"occurrenceCount":7,"id":"lintujärvi,lintutorni"},{"habitat":{"fi":"mökkipiha.","sv":"mökkipiha.","en":"mökkipiha."},"occurrenceCount":7,"id":"mökkipiha."}],"sensitive":false,"birdlifeCode":"PODCRI","bold":{"binCount":1,"bins":["BOLD:AAB9773"],"publicRecords":21,"specimens":32,"barcodes":26},"autoNonWild":false,"redListEvaluationGroups":["MVL.729"],"taxonExpert":["MA.30"],"parentsIncludeSelf":["MX.37600","MX.53761","MX.37602","MX.37606","MX.37608","MX.37580","MX.292398","MX.239936","MX.239938","MX.292407","MX.5105408","MX.25842","MX.25854","MX.25860"],"observationCountInvasiveFinland":0,"taxonomicOrder":48241,"hasBold":true,"parents":["MX.37600","MX.53761","MX.37602","MX.37606","MX.37608","MX.37580","MX.292398","MX.239936","MX.239938","MX.292407","MX.5105408","MX.25842","MX.25854"],"countOfSpecies":1,"stableInFinland":true,"scientificNameAuthorship":"(Linnaeus, 1758)","taxonRank":"MX.species","occurrenceInFinlandPublications":["MP.1041"],"euringNumber":90,"threatenedStatus":"MX.threatenedStatusNearThreatened","secondaryHabitats":[{"habitat":"MKV.habitatVi","id":"MKV.405181","order":0}],"hiddenTaxon":false,"cursiveName":true,"vernacularName":"Great Crested Grebe","hasMultimedia":true,"invasiveSpecies":false,"countOfFinnishSpecies":1,"nameAccordingTo":"MR.1","taxonEditor":["MA.30","MA.21","MA.15959"],"occurrenceCountFinland":37627,"typeOfOccurrenceInFinland":["MX.typeOfOccurrenceStablePopulation","MX.typeOfOccurrenceBirdLifeCategoryA","MX.typeOfOccurrenceRegularBreeder"],"taxonSets":["MX.taxonSetWaterbirdWaterbirds"],"nonHiddenParentsIncludeSelf":["MX.37600","MX.53761","MX.37602","MX.37606","MX.37608","MX.37580","MX.292398","MX.239936","MX.239938","MX.292407","MX.5105408","MX.25842","MX.25854","MX.25860"],"observationCountFinland":37627,"administrativeStatuses":["MX.finnishEnvironmentInstitute20192021forestSpecies","MX.regionallyThreatened2020_4a","MX.regionallyThreatened2020_4b"],"occurrenceCount":38421,"primaryHabitatSearchStrings":["MKV.habitatV","MKV.habitatVs","MKV.habitatVsr"],"finnishSpecies":true,"finnish":true,"multimedia":[{"copyrightOwner":"Rudo Jureček","keywords":["primary"],"author":"Rudo Jureček","fullURL":"https://image.laji.fi/MM.304567/Podiceps_cristatus.jpg","caption":"Rudo Jureček, Podiceps cristatus, potápka chochlatá, Great Crested Grebe. 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