{"occurrences":[{"area":"ML.251","occurrenceCount":58,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.252","occurrenceCount":587,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.253","occurrenceCount":4135,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.254","occurrenceCount":159,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.255","occurrenceCount":588,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.256","occurrenceCount":394,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.257","occurrenceCount":119,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.258","occurrenceCount":105,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.259","occurrenceCount":632,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.260","occurrenceCount":806,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.261","occurrenceCount":595,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.262","occurrenceCount":314,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.263","occurrenceCount":1557,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.264","occurrenceCount":292,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.265","occurrenceCount":1402,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.266","occurrenceCount":508,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.267","occurrenceCount":306,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.268","occurrenceCount":127,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.269","occurrenceCount":120,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.270","occurrenceCount":141,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"},{"area":"ML.271","occurrenceCount":219,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"}],"parent":{"phylum":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"Chordates","scientificName":"Chordata","taxonRank":"MX.phylum","id":"MX.37606","hasBold":false},"genus":{"cursiveName":true,"scientificName":"Anas","scientificNameAuthorship":"Linnaeus, 1758","taxonRank":"MX.genus","id":"MX.26357","hasBold":false},"species":{"cursiveName":true,"vernacularName":"Northern Pintail","scientificName":"Anas acuta","scientificNameAuthorship":"Linnaeus, 1758","taxonRank":"MX.species","id":"MX.26382","bold":{"binCount":1,"bins":["BOLD:AAB5009"],"publicRecords":41,"specimens":80,"barcodes":32},"hasBold":true},"subfamily":{"cursiveName":false,"scientificName":"Anatinae","taxonRank":"MX.subfamily","id":"MX.206962","hasBold":false},"tribe":{"cursiveName":false,"scientificName":"Anatini","taxonRank":"MX.tribe","id":"MX.206974","hasBold":false},"domain":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"aitotumaiset","scientificName":"Eucarya","scientificNameAuthorship":"Whittaker & Margulis, 1978","taxonRank":"MX.domain","id":"MX.53761","hasBold":false},"subphylum":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"Vertebrates","scientificName":"Vertebrata","taxonRank":"MX.subphylum","id":"MX.37608","hasBold":false},"subclass":{"cursiveName":false,"scientificName":"Neornithes","taxonRank":"MX.subclass","id":"MX.292398","hasBold":false},"family":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"Ducks, Geese, Swans","scientificName":"Anatidae","taxonRank":"MX.family","id":"MX.26264","hasBold":false},"kingdom":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"Animals","scientificName":"Animalia","scientificNameAuthorship":"Linnaeus, 1758","taxonRank":"MX.kingdom","id":"MX.37602","hasBold":false},"class":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"Birds","scientificName":"Aves","taxonRank":"MX.class","id":"MX.37580","hasBold":false},"order":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"Waterfowl","scientificName":"Anseriformes","taxonRank":"MX.order","id":"MX.26257","hasBold":false}},"hasLatestRedListEvaluation":true,"scientificName":"Anas acuta","latestRedListStatusFinland":{"year":2019,"status":"MX.iucnVU"},"hasChildren":false,"redListStatusesInFinland":[{"year":2019,"status":"MX.iucnVU"},{"year":2015,"status":"MX.iucnEN"},{"year":2010,"status":"MX.iucnVU"},{"year":2000,"status":"MX.iucnLC"}],"descriptions":[{"speciesCardAuthors":{"variable":"MX.speciesCardAuthors","title":"Description text authors","content":"
Aki Aintila
"},"groups":[{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.originAndDistributionText","title":"Origin and general distribution","content":"Jouhisorsa pesii Euraasian ja Pohjois-Amerikan havumetsävyöhykkeellä. Euroopassa lajin levinneisyys kattaa Pohjois- ja Itä-Eurooppaa, talvehtimisalueita sijaitsee niin Länsi-Euroopassa, Välimerellä, Saharan eteläpuoleisessa Afrikassa ja Etelä-Aasiassa. Suomessa jouhisorsaa tavataan lähes koko maassa, tosin kanta on melko harva eteläisessä Suomessa. Jouhisorsalle mieluisia elinympäristöjä ovat aapasuot, nevat, sara- ja kortejärvet, ja lajin pesintä on todettu useassa paikassa ulkosaaristossa. Pesimäkannan kooksi on arvioitu 8 000 – 15 000 paria (BirdLife International 2020, Valkama ym. 2011). Suomessa rengastettuja jouhisorsia talvehtii löytöjen perusteella Tanskan, Saksan ja Ranskan rannikkoseuduilla, lisäksi Suomen kautta muuttaa Venäjällä pesiviä lintuja (Saurola ym. 2013).
\r\n\r\nEsiintyminen Haliaksella
\r\nHaliaksella jouhisorsaa tavataan säännöllisenä läpimuuttajana. Kevätmuutto käynnistyy maaliskuun alkupuoliskolla, päämuutto ajoittuu huhtikuun jälkipuoliskolle ja hiipuu toukokuun puolivälin jälkeen. Jouhisorsa ei pesi aseman alueella, mutta Gåsörsvikenillä havaitaan toisinaan sulkasatoisia yksilöitä. Syysmuutto alkaa heinäkuun lopulla ja päämuutto kestää elokuun lopulta lokakuun alkuun. Myöhäisiä muuttajia havaitaan vielä joulukuulle asti. Jouhisorsan päivittäiset yksilömäärät eivät yleensä nouse kovin korkeiksi, päämuuttoaikaan voi havaita muutamien kymmenien yksilöiden kerääntymiä ja yli sadan yksilön päivämuuttoja. Jouhisorsia muuttaa usein suurien haapanaparvien mukana.
\r\n\r\nPitkäaikaismuutokset
\r\nHaliaksella jouhisorsien havaintomäärät kasvoivat seurantajakson aikana, mutta 2010- ja 2020-luvuilla havaintomäärät ovat vähentyneet hieman. Aikaisemman runsastumisen taustalla lienee Euroopan talvikantojen kasvu 1990-luvulla ja mahdollisesti muuttuneet muuttoreitit, jolloin lintuja muutti Hangon kautta aikaisempaa runsaammin (Lehikoinen 2008). Havaintomäärien vaihtelun taustalla on myös mitä ilmeisin pitkäaikainen Suomen pesimäkannan taantuma, joka puolestaan johtuu pesimäympäristöjen muutoksista, kuten vesistöjen rehevöitymisestä ja sopivan ympäristön vähenemisestä (Laaksonen ym. 2019). Jouhisorsa luokiteltiin voimakkaan pesimäkannan taantuman takia vaarantuneeksi ja laji on uhanalaisuudestaan huolimatta Suomessa edelleen riistalaji (Hyvärinen ym. 2019). Myös Venäjän pesimäkanta on taantunut (BirdLife International 2020).
\r\nJouhisorsan kevätmuutto aikaistui seurantajakson aikana 2010-luvulle asti, mutta viivästyi 2020-luvulla. Ilmastonmuutoksen vaikutuksesta keskimääräisellä eurooppalaisella muuttolinnulla kevätmuutto on aikaistunut keskimäärin viikolla (Lehikoinen ym. 2019). Vastaavasti jouhisorsan syysmuutto viivästyi keskimäärin muutamalla vuorokaudella. Kevätmuuton ajoittumisen muutoksilla voi olla merkitystä pariutumiseen ja poikastuottoon, vastaavasti syysmuuton viivästyttäminen voi vaikuttaa lajien metsästettävyyteen, jolloin vesilintujen metsästettävyys kasvaa Pohjois-Euroopassa ja vähenee Etelä-Euroopassa (Lehikoinen & Jaatinen 2012).
"}],"title":"Distribution","group":"MX.SDVG2"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.descriptionReferences","title":"References","content":"BirdLife International (2020) Species factsheet: Anas acuta.
Hyvärinen, E., Juslén, A., Kemppainen, E., Uddström, A. & Liukko, U-M. 2019: Suomen lajien uhanalaisuus – Punainen kirja 2019. Ympäristöministeriö & Suomen ympäristökeskus 2019.
\r\nLaaksonen, T., Lehikoinen, A., Pöysä, H., Sirkiä, P. & Ikonen, K. 2019: Sisävesien vesilintujen kannanvaihtelut 1986-2018. - Linnut-vuosikirja 2019:46-55.
\r\nLehikoinen, A., Lindén, A., Karlsson, M., Andersson, A. Crewe, T. L., Dunn, E. H., Gregory, G., Karlsson, L., Kristiansen, V., Mackenzie, S., Newman, S., Røer, J. E., Sharpe, C., Sokolov, L. V., Steinholtz, Å., Stervander, M., Priestley, L. T., Tirri, I.-S., Tjørnløv, R. S. 2019: Phenology of the avian spring migratory passage in Europe and North America: asymmetric advancement in time and increase in duration. — Ecological Indicators 101: 985–991.
\r\nLehikoinen, A. & Jaatinen, K. 2012: Delayed autumn migration in Northern European waterfowl. — Journal of Ornithology 153: 563–570.
\r\nLehikoinen, A. (toim.), Ekroos, J., Jaatinen, K., Lehikoinen, P., Lindén, A., Piha, M., Vattulainen, A. & Vähätalo, A. 2008: Lintukantojen kehitys Hangon lintuasemalla 1979–2007. Bird population trends based on the data of Hanko Bird Observatory (Finland) during 1979–2007. — Tringa 35: 146–209.
\r\nValkama, J., Vepsäläinen, V. & Lehikoinen, A. 2011: Suomen III Lintuatlas. – Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo ja ympäristöministeriö. http://atlas3.lintuatlas.fi ISBN 978-952-10-6918-5.
"}],"title":"Additional information","group":"MX.SDVG10"}],"id":"default","title":"FinBIF species descriptions"}],"taxonConceptIds":["taxonid:7EA3AE"],"originalPublications":["MP.2441","MP.1082"],"anyHabitatSearchStrings":["MKV.habitatV","MKV.habitatVa","MKV.habitatVi","MKV.habitatVs"],"informalTaxonGroups":["MVL.1","MVL.1241"],"qname":"MX.26382","euringCode":"ANAACU","id":"MX.26382","scientificNameDisplayName":"Anas acuta","occurrenceCountInvasiveFinland":0,"habitatOccurrenceCounts":[{"habitat":{"fi":"umpeen kasvava järvenlahti","sv":"umpeen kasvava järvenlahti","en":"umpeen kasvava järvenlahti"},"occurrenceCount":134,"id":"umpeenkasvavajärvenlahti"},{"habitat":{"fi":"rehevä järvenlahti ja rantametsät ja -pellot","sv":"rehevä järvenlahti ja rantametsät ja -pellot","en":"rehevä järvenlahti ja rantametsät ja -pellot"},"occurrenceCount":37,"id":"reheväjärvenlahtijarantametsätja-pellot"},{"habitat":{"fi":"lake, steppe","sv":"lake, steppe","en":"lake, steppe"},"occurrenceCount":21,"id":"lake,steppe"},{"habitat":{"fi":"umpeenkasvava järvi","sv":"umpeenkasvava järvi","en":"umpeenkasvava järvi"},"occurrenceCount":10,"id":"umpeenkasvavajärvi"},{"habitat":{"fi":"kulttuuri/pelto/tuore kangasmetsä","sv":"kulttuuri/pelto/tuore kangasmetsä","en":"kulttuuri/pelto/tuore kangasmetsä"},"occurrenceCount":7,"id":"kulttuuri/pelto/tuorekangasmetsä"},{"habitat":{"fi":"lake, fields","sv":"lake, fields","en":"lake, fields"},"occurrenceCount":7,"id":"lake,fields"},{"habitat":{"fi":"fields, rural village","sv":"fields, rural village","en":"fields, rural village"},"occurrenceCount":6,"id":"fields,ruralvillage"},{"habitat":{"fi":"lake, steppe, village","sv":"lake, steppe, village","en":"lake, steppe, village"},"occurrenceCount":5,"id":"lake,steppe,village"},{"habitat":{"fi":"salt lake, steppe","sv":"salt lake, steppe","en":"salt lake, steppe"},"occurrenceCount":5,"id":"saltlake,steppe"},{"habitat":{"fi":"koski, järvi, pelto, haja-asutus","sv":"koski, järvi, pelto, haja-asutus","en":"koski, järvi, pelto, haja-asutus"},"occurrenceCount":4,"id":"koski,järvi,pelto,haja-asutus"}],"sensitive":false,"birdlifeCode":"ANAACU","bold":{"binCount":1,"bins":["BOLD:AAB5009"],"publicRecords":41,"specimens":80,"barcodes":32},"autoNonWild":false,"redListEvaluationGroups":["MVL.729"],"taxonExpert":["MA.30"],"parentsIncludeSelf":["MX.37600","MX.53761","MX.37602","MX.37606","MX.37608","MX.37580","MX.292398","MX.239936","MX.239937","MX.26257","MX.26264","MX.206962","MX.206974","MX.26357","MX.26382"],"observationCountInvasiveFinland":0,"taxonomicOrder":47631,"hasBold":true,"parents":["MX.37600","MX.53761","MX.37602","MX.37606","MX.37608","MX.37580","MX.292398","MX.239936","MX.239937","MX.26257","MX.26264","MX.206962","MX.206974","MX.26357"],"countOfSpecies":1,"stableInFinland":true,"scientificNameAuthorship":"Linnaeus, 1758","taxonRank":"MX.species","occurrenceInFinlandPublications":["MP.1041"],"euringNumber":1890,"threatenedStatus":"MX.threatenedStatusThreatened","secondaryHabitats":[{"habitat":"MKV.habitatVa","id":"MKV.406255","order":0},{"habitat":"MKV.habitatVi","id":"MKV.406256","order":1}],"hiddenTaxon":false,"cursiveName":true,"vernacularName":"Northern Pintail","hasMultimedia":true,"invasiveSpecies":false,"countOfFinnishSpecies":1,"nameAccordingTo":"MR.1","taxonEditor":["MA.30","MA.21","MA.15959"],"occurrenceCountFinland":13191,"typeOfOccurrenceInFinland":["MX.typeOfOccurrenceStablePopulation","MX.typeOfOccurrenceBirdLifeCategoryA","MX.typeOfOccurrenceRegularBreeder"],"taxonSets":["MX.taxonSetWaterbirdWaterbirds"],"nonHiddenParentsIncludeSelf":["MX.37600","MX.53761","MX.37602","MX.37606","MX.37608","MX.37580","MX.292398","MX.239936","MX.239937","MX.26257","MX.26264","MX.206962","MX.206974","MX.26357","MX.26382"],"observationCountFinland":13191,"administrativeStatuses":["MX.birdsDirectiveStatusAppendix2A","MX.birdsDirectiveStatusAppendix3B","MX.birdsDirectiveStatusMigratoryBirds","MX.gameBird","MX.finnishEnvironmentInstitute20192021forestSpecies"],"occurrenceCount":13976,"primaryHabitatSearchStrings":["MKV.habitatV","MKV.habitatVs"],"finnishSpecies":true,"finnish":true,"multimedia":[{"copyrightOwner":"Ómar Runólfsson","keywords":["primary"],"author":"Ómar Runólfsson","fullURL":"https://image.laji.fi/MM.304409/Anas_acuta.jpg","caption":"Ómar Runólfsson, Pintail - Anas acuta - Grafönd. 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