{"occurrences":[{"area":"ML.255","occurrenceCount":1,"status":"MX.typeOfOccurrenceOccursBasedOnOccurrences"}],"parent":{"phylum":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"putkilokasvit","scientificName":"Tracheophyta","scientificNameAuthorship":"Sinnott ex Cavalier-Smith","taxonRank":"MX.phylum","id":"MX.53078","hasBold":false},"genus":{"cursiveName":true,"vernacularName":"johanneksenleipäpuut","scientificName":"Ceratonia","scientificNameAuthorship":"L.","taxonRank":"MX.genus","id":"MX.5009265","hasBold":false},"species":{"cursiveName":true,"vernacularName":"johanneksenleipäpuu","scientificName":"Ceratonia siliqua","scientificNameAuthorship":"L.","taxonRank":"MX.species","id":"MX.5009409","bold":{"binCount":0,"publicRecords":5,"specimens":8,"barcodes":2},"hasBold":true},"domain":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"aitotumaiset","scientificName":"Eucarya","scientificNameAuthorship":"Whittaker & Margulis, 1978","taxonRank":"MX.domain","id":"MX.53761","hasBold":false},"subphylum":{"cursiveName":false,"scientificName":"Spermatophytina","taxonRank":"MX.subphylum","id":"MX.4986645","hasBold":false},"family":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"hernekasvit","scientificName":"Fabaceae","scientificNameAuthorship":"Lindl.","taxonRank":"MX.family","id":"MX.38942","hasBold":false},"kingdom":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"kasvit","scientificName":"Plantae","scientificNameAuthorship":"Haeckel","taxonRank":"MX.kingdom","id":"MX.37601","hasBold":false},"class":{"cursiveName":false,"vernacularName":"koppisiemeniset","scientificName":"Magnoliopsida","scientificNameAuthorship":"Brongn.","taxonRank":"MX.class","id":"MX.4976189","hasBold":false},"order":{"cursiveName":false,"scientificName":"Fabales","scientificNameAuthorship":"Bromhead","taxonRank":"MX.order","id":"MX.53670","hasBold":false}},"hasLatestRedListEvaluation":false,"scientificName":"Ceratonia siliqua","hasChildren":false,"descriptions":[{"groups":[{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.descriptionText","title":"Yleiskuvaus","content":"
Bark is brown and rough. Leaves are 10-20 cm long, alternate, pinnate, with or without a terminal leaflet. Leaflets are 3-7 cm long, ovate to elliptic, 4-10 normally in opposite pairs, leathery, dark green and shiny above, pale green beneath, finely veined with margins slightly undulate. Flowers are small, numerous, 6-12 mm long, spirally arranged along the inflorescence axis in catkin-like racemes borne on spurs from old wood and even on the trunk (cauliflory). Flowers are placed on a short pedicel and are functionally male, female or hermaphrodite. A tree is usually unisexual, but may also have different types of flowers. All flowers have a reddish calyx usually with 5 short sepal lobes, a broad hypogynous disk ca. 2-4 mm wide, and no petals. Female flowers have a pistil on the disk and rudimentary stamens, males have 5 stamens and in the center of the disk there is a rudimentary pistil. In hermaphrodite flowers both the pistil and the stamens are functional. Fruit is an indehiscent legume, elongated, compressed, straight or curved, 10-30 x 1-3 cm, brown, with wrinkled surface, leathery when ripe, with blunt or subacute apex. Seeds occur in the fruit transversally, separated by mesocarp, numerous, compressed ovate-oblong, 8-10 mm long, testa hard, smooth, glossy brown.
"}],"title":"Yleistä","group":"MX.SDVG1"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.originAndDistributionText","title":"Alkuperä ja yleislevinneisyys","content":"The species is indigenous to the Middle-East. Carob cultivation is concentrated to the Mediterranean Basin, but the species has also been introduced in semi-arid subtropical climates in other continents.
"}],"title":"Levinneisyys","group":"MX.SDVG2"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.growthFormAndGrowthHabit","title":"Kasvumuoto","content":"A deciduous or evergreen shrub or tree reaching a height of 8-17 m. Crown is broad semi-spherical and branches are sturdy.
"}],"title":"Rakenne","group":"MX.SDVG8"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.ecology","title":"Ekologinen ja taloudellinen merkitys","content":"Carob is adapted to subtropical Mediterranean climate with cool, moderately humid winters, mild to warm springs, and warm to hot, dry summers. Carob tolerates fire, termites, and salt winds. It is adapted to poor calcareous soils, but grows on a variety of soils provided they have good drainage. Young trees suffer frost damage, but mature trees can endure a temperature drop to -6°C.
"}],"title":"Ekologia","group":"MX.SDVG5"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.cultivationText","title":"Viljely","content":"Dew is a limiting climatic factor. Frequent wetting of the leaves enhances the spread of leaf diseases and the tree fails as a commercial crop in areas with more than 220 dew nights per year. Although drought-resistant, C. siliqua trees do not bear commercial crops unless they receive at least 500-550 mm/year, but 350 mm of annual rainfall is considered enough for fruit set. Carob requires wide spacing, has a penetrating root system, and is slow growing. In commercial production, propagation is done by budding on seedling rootstocks. In a planting of female trees, one male should be included for every 25 or 30 females. Branches from male trees can also be grafted onto some of the females in an orchard instead of interplanting male trees. Fruiting begins after 6 or 7 years of growth, and the tree may live more than a 100 years. The fruits are harvested before winter rains.
"},{"variable":"MX.economicUseText","title":"Käyttö","content":"Fruit pulp is made into flour that is used in baked goods, breakfast foods and sweets. The most important industrial carob product is the carob gum extracted from the endosperm of the seeds. Carob gum has extensive use in the food industry. It is a common food thickener and stabilizer e.g. in ice cream, sauces, dressings, and cheese. The gum is also used in the textile, paper-making, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and many other industries. The seed residue after gum extraction can be made into a starch- and sugar-free flour of 60% protein content for diabetics. The roasted seed sare used as a coffee substitute or mixed with coffee. Animal feed products derived from the carob trees are the whole ground fruits which can be fed to ruminants and non-ruminants, the dried deseeded sugar-rich pulp, and the carob germ meal (the by-product of gum extraction). Carob leaves are browsed by livestock. The workable wood is used to make e.g. furniture and utensils. The slow-burning wood is good firewood and it makes excellent charcoal. Carob trees are also used as ornamental street trees.
"},{"variable":"MX.productionText","title":"Tuotanto","content":"The world production of carob was 162,911 tons in 2012. The largest producers are Spain, Portugal, Greece and Morocco.
"}],"title":"Käyttö","group":"MX.SDVG9"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.miscText","title":"Lisätiedot","content":"Keywords:
Fruit, gum, beverage, animal feed, ornamental, fuel, wood, ornamental, Fabaceae.
"}],"title":"Lisätietoja","group":"MX.SDVG10"}],"id":"LA.506","title":"Pinkka oppimisympäristö: - Kaksisirkkaiset"},{"groups":[{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.descriptionText","title":"Yleiskuvaus","content":"Bark is brown and rough. Leaves are 10-20 cm long, alternate, pinnate, with or without a terminal leaflet. Leaflets are 3-7 cm long, ovate to elliptic, 4-10 normally in opposite pairs, leathery, dark green and shiny above, pale green beneath, finely veined with margins slightly undulate. Flowers are small, numerous, 6-12 mm long, spirally arranged along the inflorescence axis in catkin-like racemes borne on spurs from old wood and even on the trunk (cauliflory). Flowers are placed on a short pedicel and are functionally male, female or hermaphrodite. A tree is usually unisexual, but may also have different types of flowers. All flowers have a reddish calyx usually with 5 short sepal lobes, a broad hypogynous disk ca. 2-4 mm wide, and no petals. Female flowers have a pistil on the disk and rudimentary stamens, males have 5 stamens and in the center of the disk there is a rudimentary pistil. In hermaphrodite flowers both the pistil and the stamens are functional. Fruit is an indehiscent legume, elongated, compressed, straight or curved, 10-30 x 1-3 cm, brown, with wrinkled surface, leathery when ripe, with blunt or subacute apex. Seeds occur in the fruit transversally, separated by mesocarp, numerous, compressed ovate-oblong, 8-10 mm long, testa hard, smooth, glossy brown.
"}],"title":"Yleistä","group":"MX.SDVG1"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.originAndDistributionText","title":"Alkuperä ja yleislevinneisyys","content":"The species is indigenous to the Middle-East. Carob cultivation is concentrated to the Mediterranean Basin, but the species has also been introduced in semi-arid subtropical climates in other continents.
"}],"title":"Levinneisyys","group":"MX.SDVG2"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.growthFormAndGrowthHabit","title":"Kasvumuoto","content":"A deciduous or evergreen shrub or tree reaching a height of 8-17 m. Crown is broad semi-spherical and branches are sturdy.
"}],"title":"Rakenne","group":"MX.SDVG8"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.ecology","title":"Ekologinen ja taloudellinen merkitys","content":"Carob is adapted to subtropical Mediterranean climate with cool, moderately humid winters, mild to warm springs, and warm to hot, dry summers. Carob tolerates fire, termites, and salt winds. It is adapted to poor calcareous soils, but grows on a variety of soils provided they have good drainage. Young trees suffer frost damage, but mature trees can endure a temperature drop to -6°C.
"}],"title":"Ekologia","group":"MX.SDVG5"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.cultivationText","title":"Viljely","content":"Johanneksenleipäpuita kasvatetaan Välimeren alueella.
"},{"variable":"MX.economicUseText","title":"Käyttö","content":"Johanneksenleipäpuujauhetta, jota saadaan kyseisen puun siemenistä, hyödynnetään monissa elintarvikkeissa sakeuttamisaineena. Lisäksi jauhetut palot voidaan hyödyntää kaakaojauheen korvikkeena.
"},{"variable":"MX.productionText","title":"Tuotanto","content":"The world production of carob was 162,911 tons in 2012. The largest producers are Spain, Portugal, Greece and Morocco.
"}],"title":"Käyttö","group":"MX.SDVG9"},{"variables":[{"variable":"MX.miscText","title":"Lisätiedot","content":"Keywords:
Fruit, gum, beverage, animal feed, ornamental, fuel, wood, ornamental, Fabaceae.
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